Iko inokosha yeHolstein yakaberekwa nemhou nekuda kwekuedza kwevadzidzisi vaikwanisa kutora nzvimbo dzinotungamirira munyika yose pamusoro pezviratidzo zvikuru-mafuta, zvinyorwa zveprotein uye mukaka wakakura. Mhuka idzi dzakanakisisa dzakachengetwa zvakanaka dzinokwanisa kuunza mari yakajeka uye yakasimba mumhuri.
Holstein chizvarwa chemhou - chimiro
Madzitateguru eHendstein anozivikanwa mhou dzakachena-uye-white kubva Holland, Belgium, Germany. Vatorwa vakavaendesa kuU.SA uye panguva yakakodzera, nokuda kwekubasa kwakanaka kwekubereka, kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya kuwanda kwezvipfuwo. Mazuva ano maHelstein anounza maitiro akanaka. Iyo inozivikanwa nezvose zvakanyorwa-kukanganisa mukaka wemichero uye kukurumidza kuwedzera kuwanda mumhuka mhuka, saka inogona kushandiswa pakugadzira nyama yebhizimisi.
Cow Holstein chizvarwa - tsanangudzo
Kunze kwenyika, mhou dzehombe dzeHolstein dzinobereka dzakasiyana nedzimwe mombe, mumwe nyanzvi ane ruzivo anogona kuzviona zviri nyore muboka guru. Kubudirira kukuru kwemhuka idzi - kunyange nepamusoro pemukaka unobudirira, havatadzisi mafuta ane mukaka nemaprotheni. Heino tsanangudzo pfupi yemakirwo akakwirira eHorstein:
- Torso ye wedge shape.
- Mafudzi acho akareba uye akareba.
- Kubva udder.
- Bonde rakafara kusvika 64 cm.
- Chiuno chakakura.
- Bhokisi rekhombe yeHolstein rakadzika (kusvika ku 86 cm).
- Misoro yakareba.
- Mipfupa pamudumbu inonyanya kutaurwa.
- Kuremera kwemhou yakakura inosvika 700 kg.
- Kurema nzombe golshtinskih - inenge 900 kg.
- Kuremera kwemhuru kune 38-45 kg.
- Kureba kwenzombe paunopenya ndi 160 cm.
- Kureba kwemhou paunenge wanyangarika ndeye 140-150 cm.
Mucherechedza Holstein chizvarwa
Vamiririri vemarudzi aya vanonyanya kutakura zviyero zvakasviba uye zve motley, izvi zvaive zvakanyatsogadziriswa panguva yekuchera uye mhuru dzemumwe rudzi rwakarambwa. Chiyero chemavara madema uye machena chinogona kusiyana zvikuru. Kakawanda kune mhuru dzinenge dzave dzisina kuchena uye dzine mavara akajeka pamuswe nemakumbo. Hondo yeHolstein yakasviba uye yakachena inogona kuuya nevana vane tsvuku-uye-white. Vanhu vakadaro vakanga vasingabvumirwi kubviswa zvakare, asi kubva kuma1970 vakasarudzwa kuti vagamuchire rudzi rwakakosha.
Mhou yakawanda yeHolfstein inopa makisi akawanda sei?
Zvichienderana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemuAfrica, chiyero chemukaka wezvibereko zvezvipfuwo zveHolstein zvinogona kusiyana zvakasiyana, nekuwedzera, chiyero uye hutano hwekutarisira zvine simba pamunhu uyu. Kune imwe nzvimbo, kubereka kunoenderana neshu. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vatsvuku-uye-motley vanopa mukaka nemafuta akanaka kwazvo ehuwandu hwe 3.95%, asi muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwavakachera shure kwemhou dzomusi uye motley muhafu. Iwe unogona kufananidza zviratidzo zvakakura izvo varimi muIsrael, USA uye Russia vanowana:
- MuIsrael, mukaka wegore wega wega unosvika 10 000 kg pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwe 3.1% uye mapuroteni anokwana 3%.
- MuAmerica, mukaka wegore negore unobereka pa 9000 kg, mafuta anokwana 3.6%, mapuroteni 3.2%.
- MuRussia, mukaka unobereka uri mukati me7 500 kg nehuwandu hwehutu hwe 3.8%.
Holstein dzinza - yekupa mhuru
Dairy calf kudya zvinokanganisa kuitika kwevanhu vakuru munguva yemberi. Mumubvunzo wekushandisa zvakakwana kudya mhuru Holstein, zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kuvezwa kubva paawa yekutanga yeupenyu:
- Hazvikurudzirwe kuti kunonoka kushanda kwekutanga kudya.
- Kana iyo ichicherechedza kuti pane ropa muharasi , zviri nani kupa mwana chibereko chinopisa kusvika 39 ° C kubva kune imwe mhou.
- Nhamba yemirasi yacho inosvika ku2,5 litres, asi kwete kupfuura 5% yehuwandu hwayo.
- Zuva rokutanga reimwe rinopa mhuru haina kupiwa.
- Colostrum inopiwa katatu pazuva.
- Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kapu teat kana uchidya.
- Pazera remakore gumi nemashanu chiyero chekoroti chinosvika 8 litita.
- Pazera remavhiki maviri, mhuru dzinoendeswa kumapoka masero uye dzinopa mukaka wakazara.
- Hay inopa vana kubva vhiki yekutanga yekuvapo.
- Chimiro chehutano chinoenderana nezera, mhuru yemwedzi mitatu inopa 1.4 kg, uye mwedzi mitanhatu yemhuru - 3 kg.
- Kubva pazuva rechina, rinotarisa rinotanga muzvokudya.
- Chimiro chekufungisisa kwemwedzi mitatu inenge 1,6-2 kg.
- Mitsara yemhou yeHolstein inopiwa kuvana pavanenge vava nemwedzi mumwechete.
- Sirage uye haylage yemhuru inopiwa kubva kumwedzi miviri.
Kudyara kwemaoko eHolstein kunobereka nyama
MuAmerica, zvipfuwo zveHolstein zvinoshandiswa zvakashandiswa pakugadzira nyama yakawanda yemombe. Kumadokero, gobies ehunwa inokura nokuvapa zvokudya zvepamusoro nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvinhu uye nhamba shomanana yezvokudya zvakanyanya. Nenzira iyi, Holstein dzinza nzombe dzinoita uremu hunobudirira uye dzinozadzisa mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa nenguva yakatarwa.
Nhanho dzekukura mhuru dzekudya nyama yeHirstein:
- Nzombe dzinotanga kuberekwa dzinotora mukaka uchinamatira mafuta ane 20%.
- Mazuva ekutanga 45-60 - mukaka kana mukaka panzvimbo.
- Mumazuva ekudzivirira, vana vanopiwa muganhu wezviyo.
- Granulated starter kumhuru Mhou dzinokwidziridzwa neHolstein dzinopa masvondo maviri.
- Nhamba yekutanga inotanga kubva ku 0.5 kg kusvika ku 0.750 kg.
- Chirongwa chekufungidzira chekudya zvakasviba - 33% mafuta uye mapuroteni granules uye kusvika ku 34% yegorosi yegorosi yakaputsika.
- Pakazosvika vhiki yechisere chiyero chekutanga chinosvika 1.5 kg.
- Kudya kwekurumurwa kweHirstein kunamatira mhuru - 80% yezviyo zvakakanganiswa zvezviyo, roughage - 20%.
- Puroteni ine uremu hwemhuru ye 180-340 kg ndeye 16% muzvokudya.
- Pamugumo wokupedzisira, chiyero chezviyo chinounzwa kusvika ku80% -90%.
Kukanganiswa kweHolstein kubereka
Vanoda kutenga mombe yekugadzirwa kwemukaka, zvakakosha kudzidza zvinyorwa zvezvipfuwo zveHolstein nemamiriro ekuchengetedza kwavo. Kuona papurazi zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvemukaka zvinobereka zvinokwanisika chete panguva yekudya zvakakwana uye nzira yakaoma yekuchengetedza mombe. Izvo zvinodiwa kuziva humwe matambudziko ezera iri:
- Milk Golshtinskaya dzinza remhou dzakachena uye dzinorega kushivirira mamiriro asina kusimba.
- Kushungurudzika kunokanganisa utano hwezvipfuwo.
- Kuchinja kwenzvimbo yekugara kana kutakura muhukuru kunogona kukanganisa kubereka, zviri nani kutenga pakubereka mhuru duku.
- Mumvura inotonhora, mukaka wekubereka wemhou yeHolstein inoderera.
- Mumwaka wechando, borries inoda zvokudya zvakanakisisa.